[Infowarrior] - G.E.’s Breakthrough Can Put 100 DVDs on a Disc

[Richard Forno]

April 27, 2009
G.E.’s Breakthrough Can Put 100 DVDs on a Disc
By STEVE LOHR

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/technology/business-computing/27disk.html?hpw=&pagewanted=print

General Electric says it has achieved a breakthrough in digital  
storage technology that will allow standard-size discs to hold the  
equivalent of 100 DVDs.

The storage advance, which G.E. is announcing on Monday, is just a  
laboratory success at this stage. The new technology must be made to  
work in products that can be mass-produced at affordable prices.

But optical storage experts and industry analysts who were told of the  
development said it held the promise of being a big step forward in  
digital storage with a wide range of potential uses in commercial,  
scientific and consumer markets.

“This could be the next generation of low-cost storage,” said Richard  
Doherty, an analyst at Envisioneering, a technology research firm.

The promising work by the G.E. researchers is in the field of  
holographic storage. Holography is an optical process that stores not  
only three-dimensional images like the ones placed on many credit  
cards for security purposes, but the 1’s and 0’s of digital data as  
well.

The data is encoded in light patterns that are stored in light- 
sensitive material. The holograms act like microscopic mirrors that  
refract light patterns when a laser shines on them, and so each  
hologram’s recorded data can then be retrieved and deciphered.

Holographic storage has the potential to pack data far more densely  
than conventional optical technology, used in DVDs and the newer, high- 
capacity Blu-ray discs, in which information is stored as a pattern of  
laser-etched marks across the surface of a disc. The potential of  
holographic technology has long been known. The first research papers  
were published in the early 1960s.

Many advances have been made over the years in the materials science,  
optics and applied physics needed to make holographic storage a  
practical, cost-effective technology. And this year, InPhase  
Technologies, a spinoff of Bell Labs of Alcatel-Lucent, plans to  
introduce a holographic storage system, using $18,000 machines and  
expensive discs, for specialized markets like video production and  
storing medical images.

To date, holographic storage has not been on a path to mainstream use.  
The G.E. development, however, could be that pioneering step,  
according to analysts and experts. The G.E. researchers have used a  
different approach than past efforts. It relies on smaller, less  
complex holograms — a technique called microholographic storage.

A crucial challenge for the team, which has been working on this  
project since 2003, has been to find the materials and techniques so  
that smaller holograms reflect enough light for their data patterns to  
be detected and retrieved.

The recent breakthrough by the team, working at the G.E. lab in  
Niskayuna, N.Y., north of Albany, was a 200-fold increase in the  
reflective power of their holograms, putting them at the bottom range  
of light reflections readable by current Blu-ray machines.

“We’re in the ballpark,” said Brian Lawrence, the scientist who leads  
G.E.’s holographic storage program. “We’ve crossed the threshold so  
we’re readable.”

In G.E.’s approach, the holograms are scattered across a disc in a way  
that is similar to the formats used in today’s CDs, conventional DVDs  
and Blu-ray discs. So a player that could read microholographic  
storage discs could also read CD, DVD and Blu-ray discs. But  
holographic discs, with the technology G.E. has attained, could hold  
500 gigabytes of data. Blu-ray is available in 25-gigabyte and 50- 
gigabyte discs, and a standard DVD holds 5 gigabytes.

“If this can really be done, then G.E.’s work promises to be a huge  
advantage in commercializing holographic storage technology,” said  
Bert Hesselink, a professor at Stanford and an expert in the field.

The G.E. team plans to present its research data and lab results at an  
optical data storage conference in Orlando next month.

Yet, analysts say, the feasibility of G.E.’s technology remains  
unproved and the economics uncertain. “It’s always well to remember  
that the most important technical specification in any storage device,  
however impressive the science behind it, is price,” said James N.  
Porter, an independent analyst of the storage market.

When Blu-ray was introduced in late 2006, a 25-gigabyte disc cost  
nearly $1 a gigabyte, though it is about half that now. G.E. expects  
that when they are introduced, perhaps in 2011 or 2012, holographic  
discs using its technology will be less than 10 cents a gigabyte — and  
fall in the future.

“The price of storage per gigabyte is going to drop precipitously,”  
Mr. Lawrence said.

G.E. will first focus on selling the technology to commercial markets  
like movie studios, television networks, medical researchers and  
hospitals for holding data-intensive images like Hollywood films and  
brain scans. But selling to the broader corporate and consumer market  
is the larger goal.

To do that, G.E. will have to work with partners to license its  
holographic storage technology and expertise, and the company is  
already talking with major electronics and optical storage producers,  
said Bill Kernick, who leads G.E.’s technology sales unit. The  
holographic research was originally related to G.E.’s plastics  
business, which it sold two years ago to the Saudi Basic Industries  
Corporation for $11.6 billion.